Ultrasonic cleaning is mainly ultrasonic cavitation effect. The intensity of ultrasonic cavitation is related to acoustic parameters and physicochemical properties of cleaning solution. In order to obtain good cleaning effect, appropriate cleaning solution and appropriate ultrasonic acoustic parameters must be selected.

一、超聲波頻率

1、 Ultrasonic frequency

超聲波頻率越低，在液體中產(chǎn)生的空化越容易，產(chǎn)生的力度大，作用也越強(qiáng)，適用于工件（粗、臟）初洗。頻率高，則超聲波方向性強(qiáng)，可集中能量作用于工件上很小部位進(jìn)行有效清洗，適合于精細(xì)的制件清洗。

The lower the ultrasonic frequency, the easier the cavitation in the liquid, the greater the intensity and the stronger the effect. It is suitable for the initial washing of workpieces (coarse and dirty). If the frequency is high, the ultrasonic has strong directionality and can concentrate energy on a small part of the workpiece for effective cleaning, which is suitable for fine workpiece cleaning.

二、功率密度

2、 Power density

對(duì)于一般液體，超聲波的功率密度（聲強(qiáng)度）增大時(shí)，空化強(qiáng)度增大，速度越快，清洗效果越好。但對(duì)于精密的、表面粗糙度甚小的工件，采用長時(shí)間的高功率密度清洗會(huì)對(duì)工件表面產(chǎn)生“空化”腐蝕。

For general liquids, when the ultrasonic power density (sound intensity) increases, the cavitation intensity increases, the faster the speed, the better the cleaning effect. However, for precision workpieces with small surface roughness, long-time high-power density cleaning will produce "cavitation" corrosion on the workpiece surface.

三、清洗介質(zhì)

3、 Cleaning medium

超聲波清洗介質(zhì)主要選擇粘度小、蒸汽壓小和對(duì)超聲波的衰減小的液體，同時(shí)考慮選擇有針對(duì)性地清除工件表面油污、污物的液體。采用超聲波清洗，一般有兩類清洗劑：化學(xué)清洗劑和水基清洗劑。清洗介質(zhì)的化學(xué)作用，可以加速超聲波清洗效果。加上超聲波清洗的物理作用，兩種作用相結(jié)合，以對(duì)工件進(jìn)行充分徹底的清洗。

The ultrasonic cleaning medium mainly selects the liquid with low viscosity, low steam pressure and low attenuation of ultrasonic wave. At the same time, it is considered to select the liquid to remove oil and dirt on the workpiece surface. Ultrasonic cleaning is adopted. Generally, there are two types of cleaning agents: chemical cleaning agent and water-based cleaning agent. The chemical action of cleaning medium can accelerate the effect of ultrasonic cleaning. Combined with the physical function of ultrasonic cleaning, the two functions are combined to fully and thoroughly clean the workpiece.

四、清洗溫度

4、 Cleaning temperature

與超聲波清洗配用的清洗液的溫度升高有利于空化，但清洗液溫度升高，蒸汽壓也相應(yīng)增高，而使超聲空化效應(yīng)減弱。所以，溫度的選擇要考慮對(duì)空化強(qiáng)度的影響，同時(shí)也要考慮清洗液的化學(xué)清洗作用。一般水基清洗劑宜采用40℃-60℃的工作溫度。

The temperature rise of the cleaning solution used with ultrasonic cleaning is conducive to cavitation, but the steam pressure increases with the temperature rise of the cleaning solution, which weakens the ultrasonic cavitation effect. Therefore, the influence of temperature on cavitation strength and the chemical cleaning effect of cleaning solution should be considered. The working temperature of 40 ℃ - 60 ℃ should be adopted for general water-based cleaning agent.